/* =========================================================
   AEML — Advanced Energy Materials Lab
   Design System (white + deep navy + teal accent)
   ========================================================= */

:root {
  /* Colors — Dark theme (deep navy trust palette) */
  /* Surface hierarchy: bg (deepest) → paper (slightly lighter) → card (lightest) */
  --white: #0b1424;              /* page bg (deepest) */
  --paper: #101b2f;              /* section alt bg */
  --paper-2: #16233a;            /* card bg */
  --figure-pad-bg: #eef1f6;      /* light mat behind "contain" figures (white-paper plots) */

  --navy-900: #f2f6ff;           /* was deepest navy → now near-white text */
  --navy-800: #dfe7f5;
  --navy-700: #b8c5df;
  --navy-500: #7a8cb0;

  --teal-700: #5eead4;           /* brighter teal to pop on dark */
  --teal-600: #2dd4bf;
  --teal-500: #14b8a6;
  --teal-100: #134e4a;
  --teal-50:  #0f3733;

  /* Ink scale reversed for dark ui */
  --ink-900: #f2f6ff;            /* primary text */
  --ink-700: #d5deee;            /* body text */
  --ink-600: #a9b6cf;            /* secondary text */
  --ink-500: #7c8aa8;            /* muted text */
  --ink-400: #566380;            /* very muted / meta */
  --ink-300: #3a4661;            /* strong dividers */
  --ink-200: #253148;            /* dividers */
  --ink-100: #1a2438;            /* faint dividers */

  /* Dark-theme accents (real deep navy for CTAs, kept separate from text semantics) */
  --deep-900: #050b18;           /* deepest — CTA / footer */
  --deep-800: #0a1424;
  --accent: #5eead4;             /* signature teal for CTAs on dark */
  --accent-hover: #99f6e4;

  /* Type */
  --font-sans: 'Manrope', 'Pretendard', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Instrument Serif', 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;
  --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;

  /* Sizing */
  --container: 1200px;
  --container-narrow: 920px;
  --radius-sm: 6px;
  --radius: 12px;
  --radius-lg: 20px;

  /* Shadows — deeper for dark theme */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  --shadow: 0 8px 30px -8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
  --shadow-lg: 0 24px 60px -20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);

  /* Motion */
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .8, .2, 1);
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  color: var(--ink-900);
  background: var(--white);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  font-feature-settings: 'ss01' on, 'cv11' on;
}

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--teal-700); text-decoration: none; transition: color .2s var(--ease); }
a:hover { color: var(--navy-800); }

/* ---------- Layout ---------- */
.container {
  max-width: var(--container);
  padding: 0 32px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.container-narrow {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
  padding: 0 32px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

section { padding: 96px 0; }
section.tight { padding: 64px 0; }

/* ---------- Typography ---------- */
h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin: 0;
}

.display {
  font-size: clamp(40px, 5.4vw, 76px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.02;
}
.display .serif {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--teal-700);
}

.section-title {
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}
.section-title .serif {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.lede {
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.6vw, 21px);
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 68ch;
}

.small { font-size: 14px; color: var(--ink-500); }

/* ---------- Header / Nav ---------- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: rgba(11, 20, 36, 0.75);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(140%) blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(140%) blur(14px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease), background .3s var(--ease);
}
.site-header.scrolled {
  background: rgba(11, 20, 36, 0.92);
}
.site-header.scrolled {
  border-bottom-color: var(--ink-200);
}

.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 72px;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  cursor: pointer;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand-mark {
  min-width: 44px;
  height: 40px;
  width: 78px;
  padding: 0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: transparent;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand-mark img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 12px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.1));
}
.brand-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.brand-name .brand-divider {
  color: var(--ink-300);
  font-weight: 400;
  margin: 0 2px;
}
.brand-name .brand-sik {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.brand-sub {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 4px;
  align-items: center;
}
.nav-link {
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background .18s var(--ease), color .18s var(--ease);
}
.nav-link:hover { color: var(--navy-900); background: var(--ink-100); }
.nav-link.active {
  color: var(--navy-900);
  background: var(--paper);
}
.nav-link.active::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  height: 2px;
  width: 22px;
  background: var(--teal-600);
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin: 3px auto -6px;
}

.nav-cta {
  margin-left: 8px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--deep-900) !important;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: background .18s var(--ease), transform .18s var(--ease);
}
.nav-cta:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); transform: translateY(-1px); }

.hamburger {
  display: none;
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  cursor: pointer;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.hamburger span {
  width: 18px; height: 1.5px; background: var(--ink-700);
  transition: transform .2s var(--ease);
}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: transform .18s var(--ease), background .18s var(--ease), border-color .18s var(--ease);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--deep-900);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); color: var(--deep-900); transform: translateY(-1px); }

.btn-secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  border-color: var(--ink-300);
}
.btn-secondary:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }

.btn-ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
  gap: 8px;
}
.btn-ghost .arrow { transition: transform .18s var(--ease); }
.btn-ghost:hover .arrow { transform: translateX(4px); }

.btn .arrow {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero {
  padding: 88px 0 72px;
  position: relative;
}
.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
  gap: 72px;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-headline {
  color: var(--navy-900);
}
.hero-headline .serif {
  color: var(--teal-700);
}
.hero-lede {
  margin-top: 28px;
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.4vw, 19px);
  color: var(--ink-600);
  max-width: 44ch;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.hero-ctas {
  margin-top: 36px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border-radius: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #0b1424;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  padding: 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.hero-visual > img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}
.hero-visual-caption {
  position: absolute;
  left: 20px;
  bottom: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: rgba(10, 20, 40, 0.85);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  color: #e2e8f0;
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  text-align: center;
}
.hero-visual .placeholder-image { border-radius: var(--radius-lg); }

/* meta strip below hero */
.hero-meta {
  margin-top: 72px;
  padding-top: 40px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 32px;
}
.hero-meta-item .k {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 36px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.hero-meta-item .l {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 8px;
}

/* ---------- Section header ---------- */
.section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.section-head .lede { margin-top: 18px; max-width: 56ch; }
.section-head-right { flex-shrink: 0; }

/* ---------- Cards ---------- */
.card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease);
}
.card:hover {
  border-color: var(--navy-700);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

/* Research cards */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.research-card {
  padding: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.research-card .thumb {
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.research-card .thumb .placeholder-image { height: 100%; }
.research-card .body {
  padding: 22px 22px 26px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex: 1;
}
.research-card .num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--teal-700);
}
.research-card h3 {
  margin: 8px 0 12px;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.research-card p {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  flex: 1;
}
.tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: auto;
}
.tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-600);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.tag.solid { background: var(--teal-50); color: var(--teal-700); border-color: transparent; }

/* ---------- People preview / grid ---------- */
.people-preview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.person-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease);
}
.person-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.person-photo {
  aspect-ratio: 1/1;
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--paper) 0%, var(--ink-100) 100%);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.person-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.person-photo .initial {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 64px;
  color: var(--navy-500);
  opacity: 0.35;
}
.person-body {
  padding: 18px 20px 22px;
}
.person-name {
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.person-program {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  margin-top: 3px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.person-bio {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin: 12px 0;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.person-keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 5px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.person-keywords .tag { font-size: 10px; padding: 3px 7px; }

/* PI card (larger) */
.pi-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
  padding: 32px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  align-items: start;
}
.pi-photo {
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--deep-900) 0%, #1a3552 100%);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.pi-photo img { width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; }
.pi-name { font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.pi-title { color: var(--teal-700); font-size: 15px; margin-top: 6px; font-weight: 500;}
.pi-affiliation { color: var(--ink-600); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 4px;}
.pi-bio { color: var(--ink-700); margin-top: 20px; line-height: 1.65; font-size: 15.5px;}

/* Alumni row style */
.alumni-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);}
.alumni-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 18px 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.alumni-row .an { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-900); font-size: 16px;}
.alumni-row .ap { color: var(--ink-600); font-size: 14px;}
.alumni-row .ac { color: var(--ink-600); font-size: 14px;}

/* ---------- News ---------- */
.news-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.news-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.news-card:hover { border-color: var(--teal-600); transform: translateY(-2px);}
.news-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.news-cat {
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: white;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.cat-paper       { background: var(--navy-800); }
.cat-award       { background: var(--teal-700); }
.cat-member      { background: var(--navy-500); }
.cat-graduation  { background: #7c3aed; }
.cat-seminar     { background: #0891b2; }
.cat-conference  { background: #db7c25; }
.cat-upcoming    { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f59e0b, #ef4444); font-weight: 600; }

.news-card-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--deep-900);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  width: fit-content;
  transition: background .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease);
}
.news-card-link:hover {
  background: var(--accent-hover);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.news-card-upcoming {
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15) inset,
              0 8px 32px -12px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
}
.news-card-upcoming .news-card-featured-img::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08) 0%, transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}
/* Upcoming cards typically embed schedule tables / documents rather than photos.
   Show the whole image without cropping. */
.news-card-upcoming .news-card-featured-img {
  background: #f8fafc;
  padding: 20px;
}
.news-card-upcoming .news-card-featured-img img {
  object-fit: contain;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.news-card-upcoming .news-card-featured-cap {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.94);
  color: #334155;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
}

/* Text-only Upcoming card — single-column, distinct from photo events */
.news-card-upcoming-text {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  position: relative;
  padding: 28px 32px 30px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.06) 0%, transparent 40%),
    var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.10) inset,
              0 8px 32px -12px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.22);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.news-card-upcoming-text::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f59e0b 0%, #ef4444 100%);
}
.news-card-upcoming-text:hover {
  border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.55);
  transform: none;
}
.news-card-upcoming-text h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 12px 0 10px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.news-card-upcoming-text p {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 90ch;
}
.upcoming-badge-row {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 5px 12px 5px 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.14), rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.08));
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
  border-radius: 999px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #b45309;
}
.upcoming-pulse {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #ef4444;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.6);
  animation: upcomingPulse 2s ease-out infinite;
}
@keyframes upcomingPulse {
  0%   { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.55); }
  70%  { box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
}
.upcoming-label {
  color: #b45309;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .news-card-upcoming-text {
    padding: 22px 22px 24px 26px;
  }
  .news-card-upcoming-text h3 { font-size: 19px; }
}

.news-card h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 14px 0 10px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.news-card p {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Featured news card (with hero image + optional gallery) */
.news-card-featured {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.news-card-featured:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: none;
}
.news-card-featured-img {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 340px;
  background: #0b1220;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.news-card-featured-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.news-card-featured-cap {
  position: absolute;
  left: 12px;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: 12px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: rgba(10, 20, 40, 0.82);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  color: #e2e8f0;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}
.news-card-featured-body {
  padding: 28px 32px 30px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}
.news-card-featured-body h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.news-card-featured-body p {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0;
}
.news-card-gallery {
  margin-top: 16px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
}
.news-card-gallery-item {
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #0b1220;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
}
.news-card-gallery-item img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.news-card-gallery-item figcaption {
  padding: 6px 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .news-card-featured {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .news-card-featured-img { min-height: 240px; aspect-ratio: 4/3; }
  .news-card-featured-body { padding: 20px 22px 24px; }
  .news-card-featured-body h3 { font-size: 19px; }
  .news-card-gallery { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 6px; }
  .news-card-gallery-item figcaption { display: none; }
}

/* ---------- Publications ---------- */
.pub-selected-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
}
.pub-card {
  padding: 26px 28px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease);
}
.pub-card:hover { border-color: var(--navy-700); }
.pub-journal {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  font-size: 18px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.pub-journal .year { color: var(--ink-500); font-style: normal; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 12px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
.pub-title {
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 10px 0 12px;
}
.pub-authors {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.pub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  color: var(--teal-700);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Yearly SCIE publication stats — bar chart */
.pub-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(64px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: end;
  padding: 32px 0 8px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.pub-stat {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 220px;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}
.pub-stat-count {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 28px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1;
}
.pub-stat-bar {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 40px;
  height: 140px;
  background: var(--paper);
  border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
}
.pub-stat-bar-fill {
  width: 100%;
  height: var(--h);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--teal-500) 0%, var(--teal-700) 100%);
  border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
  transition: height 1.2s var(--ease);
  animation: barGrow 1.2s var(--ease);
}
@keyframes barGrow {
  from { height: 0; }
  to   { height: var(--h); }
}
.pub-stat-year {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  padding-top: 6px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--ink-200);
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Recent publications list */
.year-group { margin-bottom: 44px; }
.year-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 32px;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.pub-list-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.pub-list-item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);}
.pub-list-item .idx {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-400);
}
.pub-list-item .t { color: var(--navy-900); font-weight: 500; font-size: 15.5px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.4; }
.pub-list-item .m { color: var(--ink-600); font-size: 13.5px; margin-top: 4px; }
.pub-list-item .m .j { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; color: var(--teal-700); }

/* ---------- About / Research page ---------- */
.about-hero {
  padding: 80px 0 48px;
}
.about-cols {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}
.timeline {
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ink-200);
  padding-left: 24px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.timeline-item { padding: 10px 0 22px; position: relative;}
.timeline-item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: -30px; top: 18px;
  width: 10px; height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 2px solid var(--teal-600);
}
.timeline-item .yr {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.timeline-item .rl { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-900); margin-top: 4px;}
.timeline-item .og { color: var(--ink-600); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px;}

/* Research page alternating layout */
.theme-block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 72px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.theme-block:first-of-type { border-top: none; padding-top: 40px; }
.theme-block.reverse .theme-visual { order: 2; }
.theme-visual {
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.theme-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  font-size: 22px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.theme-title { font-size: 34px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.025em; margin: 8px 0 20px; }
.theme-summary { color: var(--ink-700); font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.65; }

/* ---------- Openings ---------- */
.interactive-recruit-banner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 22px 26px;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.14), rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.04));
  border: 1px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.35);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--ink-900);
  transition: border-color .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease), background .25s var(--ease);
}
.interactive-recruit-banner:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.2), rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.06));
}
.interactive-recruit-banner-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
}
.interactive-recruit-banner-eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.interactive-recruit-banner-title {
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.interactive-recruit-banner-note {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
}
.interactive-recruit-banner svg {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  color: var(--accent);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .interactive-recruit-banner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
}

.opening-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px 120px 1fr;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 28px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.opening-row:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200); }
.opening-role {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.opening-status {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  color: var(--teal-700);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  justify-self: start;
}
.opening-status.inquiry { background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink-600); }
.opening-desc { color: var(--ink-700); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; }

/* ---------- Contact ---------- */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 64px;
}
.contact-grid.contact-grid-single {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  max-width: 560px;
}
.contact-info dt {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 24px;
}
.contact-info dt:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.contact-info dd {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  font-size: 16.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.contact-info dd a { color: var(--navy-900); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--teal-500); padding-bottom: 1px;}
.contact-info dd a:hover { color: var(--teal-700); border-color: var(--teal-700);}

.map-card {
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: linear-gradient(140deg, var(--navy-800), var(--teal-700));
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

/* ---------- Join Us CTA band ---------- */
.join-band {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--deep-900) 0%, #0d1a30 60%, #14283f 100%);
  color: var(--ink-900);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 64px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.join-band::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -2px;
  background: radial-gradient(1000px 400px at 90% 20%, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.22), transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.join-band h2 {
  color: var(--ink-900);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.6vw, 46px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  max-width: 20ch;
}
.join-band h2 .serif { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }
.join-band p { color: var(--ink-600); max-width: 52ch; margin: 20px 0 32px; font-size: 16.5px; }
.join-band .btn-primary { background: var(--accent); color: var(--deep-900); }
.join-band .btn-primary:hover { background: var(--teal-500); color: var(--navy-900); }
.join-band .btn-secondary { background: transparent; color: var(--ink-900); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);}
.join-band .btn-secondary:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent);}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  padding: 56px 0 40px;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
}
.footer h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.footer a, .footer p {
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.footer a:hover { color: var(--teal-700); }
.footer-brand { color: var(--navy-900) !important; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.footer-bottom {
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

/* ---------- Placeholder graphics ---------- */
.placeholder-image {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--navy-900);
}

/* ---------- Utility ---------- */
.hidden { display: none !important; }
.center { text-align: center; }
.mt-2 { margin-top: 12px; } .mt-4 { margin-top: 24px; } .mt-6 { margin-top: 40px; }
.mb-6 { margin-bottom: 40px; }

/* Fade-in on view */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity .8s var(--ease), transform .8s var(--ease);
}
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .research-grid, .people-preview-grid, .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);}
  .news-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}
  .hero-grid { gap: 48px; }
  .hero-meta { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);}
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  section { padding: 72px 0;}
  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .nav-links.open {
    display: flex;
    position: absolute;
    top: 72px; left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 16px 24px 24px;
    gap: 0;
    align-items: stretch;
  }
  .nav-links.open .nav-link { padding: 14px 12px; border-radius: 8px; }
  .nav-links.open .nav-link.active::after { display: none; }
  .nav-links.open .nav-cta { margin: 8px 0 0; text-align: center; justify-content: center; }
  .hamburger { display: flex; }
  .brand-sub { display: none; }

  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-visual { aspect-ratio: 4/3; max-height: 380px; }
  .hero-meta { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 24px;}
  .research-grid, .people-preview-grid, .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}
  .news-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr;}
  .pub-selected-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .about-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px;}
  .pi-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 24px;}
  .pi-photo { aspect-ratio: 4/3; max-height: 320px;}
  .theme-block { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 56px 0;}
  .theme-block.reverse .theme-visual { order: unset; }
  .opening-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; padding: 22px 0;}
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px;}
  .alumni-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; padding: 16px 4px;}
  .section-head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px;}
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 32px;}
  .join-band { padding: 40px 28px;}
  .container, .container-narrow { padding: 0 20px;}
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .research-grid, .people-preview-grid, .people-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr;}
  .hero-meta { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}
  .display { font-size: clamp(34px, 8vw, 44px); }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px;}
}

/* =========================================================
   Research: Group Nav + Group Header + Unit Cards
   ========================================================= */

/* Compact table-of-contents for the 3 research groups */
.group-nav {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 20px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.group-nav-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  transition: background .2s var(--ease), transform .2s var(--ease);
}
.group-nav-item:hover {
  background: var(--paper);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.group-nav-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--teal-600);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.group-nav-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.group-nav-sub {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.group-nav-count {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-400);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Group header with side image */
.group-header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: center;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.group-header-right img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

/* Unit cards (2-up grid within each group) */
.unit-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
}
.unit-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  transition: box-shadow .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease), border-color .25s var(--ease);
}
.unit-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--teal-500);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.unit-head {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--teal-500);
  padding-left: 14px;
}
.unit-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.unit-title {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.unit-summary {
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0;
}
.unit-keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
}
.unit-team {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
  margin-top: auto;
}
.unit-team-col .unit-team-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.unit-team-col ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
}
.unit-team-col li {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  background: var(--paper);
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.unit-team-col li .p-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
}
.unit-team-col li .p-role {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
}

/* =========================================================
   Bilingual titles (Korean subtitle for English titles)
   ========================================================= */
.ko-sub {
  display: block;
  font-family: 'Pretendard', var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.42em;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 14px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.display .ko-sub {
  font-size: 20px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin-top: 16px;
}
.section-title .ko-sub {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.ko-inline {
  font-family: 'Pretendard', var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 0.55em;
  margin-left: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  vertical-align: 0.15em;
}
.pi-name .ko-inline,
.unit-title .ko-inline {
  font-size: 0.7em;
}

/* =========================================================
   About: Research Focus + Grants sections
   ========================================================= */
.focus-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.focus-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px;
  transition: box-shadow .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease);
}
.focus-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.focus-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}
.focus-card h3 {
  margin: 10px 0 12px;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.focus-card p {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
}

.grants-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.grant-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 20px 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.grant-row:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-300); padding-top: 22px; }
.grant-period {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.grant-program {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.grant-title {
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .focus-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .grant-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
}

/* =========================================================
   Research: Highlight Paper Banner
   ========================================================= */
.highlight-paper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
  padding: 36px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, #1a2c4a 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.highlight-paper-img {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--white);
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
}
.highlight-paper-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
}
.highlight-paper-body .eyebrow {
  color: var(--accent);
}
.highlight-paper-body h3 {
  margin: 14px 0 12px;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.highlight-paper-note {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.highlight-paper-caption {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-600);
}

/* =========================================================
   Research: Flagship Program (NRF 중견연구)
   ========================================================= */
.flagship-section {
  padding: 88px 0 48px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at top left, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.06) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom right, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.04) 0%, transparent 55%),
    var(--paper);
  position: relative;
}
.flagship-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, var(--ink-200) 20%, var(--ink-200) 80%, transparent 100%);
}

.flagship-header {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto 56px;
  text-align: center;
}
.flagship-eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--teal-100);
  border-radius: 100px;
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.06);
}
.flagship-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4.5vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.flagship-title-en {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto 24px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.flagship-meta {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.flagship-period {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.flagship-tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-style: italic;
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Target metric cards */
.flagship-targets {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 0 0 72px;
}
.target-card {
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, var(--ink-100) 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px 22px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all .3s var(--ease);
}
.target-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 40px; height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0 0 4px 0;
}
.target-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.target-value {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.target-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 48px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.target-unit {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.target-label {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.target-note {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Problem vs Approach two-column */
.flagship-two-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  margin-top: 32px;
  padding: 40px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.flagship-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.flagship-list li {
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
}
.flagship-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.flagship-list-kw {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.flagship-list.problem .flagship-list-kw {
  color: #f0917a;
}
.flagship-list.approach .flagship-list-kw {
  color: var(--accent);
}
.flagship-list-text {
  display: block;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-700);
}

/* 5-year roadmap */
.roadmap {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: stretch;
}
.roadmap-phase {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 22px 20px;
  position: relative;
  transition: all .3s var(--ease);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.roadmap-phase:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.roadmap-phase::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 20px; right: 20px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0 0 2px 2px;
}
.roadmap-phase.phase-22::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-hover)); height: 3px; }
.roadmap-phase-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.roadmap-phase-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.08);
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.roadmap-phase-period {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
}
.roadmap-phase-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.roadmap-system {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  padding: 6px 8px;
  background: var(--ink-100);
  border-radius: 4px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--teal-600);
  word-break: break-word;
}
.roadmap-system .mono { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--ink-600); }
.roadmap-focus {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  flex: 1;
}
.roadmap-metrics {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
  padding-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
}
.roadmap-metric {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.rm-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.rm-value {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.roadmap-arrow {
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--ink-300);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  user-select: none;
}

/* Candidate material system cards */
.candidate-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
}
.candidate-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 18px;
  position: relative;
  transition: all .3s var(--ease);
}
.candidate-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.candidate-family {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 40px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.candidate-system {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.candidate-group {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
}
.candidate-note {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.flagship-caption {
  margin-top: 18px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-style: italic;
  max-width: 900px;
}

/* Impact cards */
.impact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.impact-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px 24px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--teal-600);
  transition: all .3s var(--ease);
}
.impact-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.impact-domain {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.impact-text {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-700);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .flagship-targets { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .candidate-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .impact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .roadmap {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
  }
  .roadmap-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
    justify-self: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .flagship-section { padding: 56px 0 32px; }
  .flagship-targets { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .target-card { padding: 20px 16px; }
  .target-num { font-size: 36px; }
  .flagship-two-col {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
    padding: 24px;
  }
  .candidate-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* =========================================================
   Home: Future direction preview card
   ========================================================= */
.future-preview-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: center;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, var(--ink-100) 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 32px 36px;
  margin-top: 40px;
  color: inherit !important;
  transition: all .25s var(--ease);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.future-preview-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent) 0%, #a78bfa 100%);
}
.future-preview-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.future-preview-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}
.future-preview-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #c4b5fd;
  padding: 5px 12px;
  background: rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.25);
  border-radius: 100px;
  align-self: flex-start;
}
.future-preview-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 30px;
  line-height: 1.22;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.future-preview-tagline {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin: 0;
  text-wrap: pretty;
  max-width: 680px;
}
.future-preview-pillars {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.future-preview-pillar {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.future-preview-pillar-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.future-preview-pillar-title {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.future-preview-pillar-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.future-preview-cta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--teal-100);
  border-radius: 100px;
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.05);
  transition: all .2s var(--ease);
}
.future-preview-card:hover .future-preview-cta {
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.12);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}
.future-preview-cta .mono {
  transition: transform .2s var(--ease);
  display: inline-block;
}
.future-preview-card:hover .future-preview-cta .mono {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .future-preview-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 26px 26px;
  }
  .future-preview-cta {
    align-self: flex-start;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .future-preview-title { font-size: 24px; }
  .future-preview-pillars { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
}

/* =========================================================
   Research: Future Direction (AI-driven discovery)
   ========================================================= */
.future-section {
  padding: 88px 0 56px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at top right, rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.06) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom left, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.05) 0%, transparent 55%),
    var(--paper);
  position: relative;
}
.future-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, var(--ink-200) 20%, var(--ink-200) 80%, transparent 100%);
}

.future-header {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto 40px;
  text-align: center;
}
.future-eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #c4b5fd;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.25);
  border-radius: 100px;
  background: rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.06);
}
.future-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4.5vw, 46px);
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.future-title-en {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 0 auto 22px;
  max-width: 700px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.future-tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-style: italic;
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Concept block */
.future-concept-block {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto 48px;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-left: 3px solid #a78bfa;
  border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0;
}
.future-concept-block p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Two pillars */
.future-pillars {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.future-pillar {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 32px 30px 28px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all .25s var(--ease);
}
.future-pillar::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
}
.future-pillar[data-pillar="dos-inverse"]::before {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent) 0%, #a78bfa 100%);
}
.future-pillar[data-pillar="regression"]::before {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #a78bfa 0%, #f0917a 100%);
}
.future-pillar:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.future-pillar-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.future-pillar-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.future-pillar-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #c4b5fd;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  background: rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.2);
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.future-pillar[data-pillar="regression"] .future-pillar-tag {
  color: #f0917a;
  background: rgba(240, 145, 122, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(240, 145, 122, 0.25);
}
.future-pillar-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.future-pillar-sub {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.future-pillar-summary {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.future-pillar-highlights {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
  padding-top: 18px;
}
.future-pillar-highlights li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 8px 0 8px 22px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.future-pillar-highlights li::before {
  content: '→';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 8px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
}

/* Closed-loop cycle */
.future-loop {
  padding: 32px 32px 28px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.future-loop-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.future-loop-sub {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-style: italic;
}
.future-loop-steps {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 8px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}
.future-loop-step {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 130px;
  padding: 16px 14px 14px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: all .2s var(--ease);
}
.future-loop-step:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.future-loop-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.future-loop-label {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.future-loop-text {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.future-loop-arrow {
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--ink-300);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 18px;
  user-select: none;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Outlook */
.future-outlook {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.future-outlook-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
}
.future-outlook-item {
  padding: 20px 22px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--teal-600);
  transition: all .2s var(--ease);
}
.future-outlook-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal-600);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.future-outlook-kw {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.future-outlook-text {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  line-height: 1.55;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Collaborator note */
.future-collab-note-line {
  margin: 24px auto 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-style: italic;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 780px;
}

/* Block label (shared) */
.future-block-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .future-pillars { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .future-outlook-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .future-loop-steps {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .future-loop-arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
    align-self: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .future-section { padding: 56px 0 32px; }
  .future-pillar { padding: 26px 22px 22px; }
  .future-pillar-title { font-size: 22px; }
  .future-loop { padding: 24px 20px 22px; }
}

/* Unit figure inside unit-card */
.unit-figure {
  margin: -28px -28px 4px;
  aspect-ratio: 16/10;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  position: relative;
}
.unit-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
}
/* Wide unit-cards (single figure spanning both grid columns) previously
   let the top figure bleed edge-to-edge at the card's full width
   (~1100px+), making it look oversized next to the narrower two-up
   cards. Cap its width, center it, and frame it with rounded corners
   instead of a full-bleed edge so the visual scale feels consistent
   across the page. */
.unit-card--wide > .unit-figure {
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
  max-width: 640px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.unit-figure-caption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(11, 20, 36, 0.92) 0%, rgba(11, 20, 36, 0) 100%);
  color: var(--ink-300);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Variant: show the figure in full, no cropping — but keep the SAME
   16:10 box as the cover variant so every unit-card in the grid lines
   up to a consistent height. Letterbox padding uses a light neutral
   backdrop since source figures are white-background paper plots. */
.unit-figure--contain {
  background: var(--figure-pad-bg);
}
.unit-figure--contain img {
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* Wide unit-card that spans both grid columns, and its figure gallery */
.unit-card--wide {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.unit-figure-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  margin: -28px -28px 4px;
}
/* Match the capped-width treatment of the wide card's top figure so the
   sub-gallery underneath doesn't look oversized by comparison. */
.unit-card--wide > .unit-figure-gallery {
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
  max-width: 640px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.unit-card--wide > .unit-figure-gallery .unit-figure-gallery-item {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.unit-card--wide > .unit-figure-gallery .unit-figure-gallery-item:not(:last-child) {
  border-right: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.unit-figure-gallery-item {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--figure-pad-bg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.unit-figure-gallery-item img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  background: var(--figure-pad-bg);
}
.unit-figure-gallery-caption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--ink-300);
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(11, 20, 36, 0.92) 0%, rgba(11, 20, 36, 0) 100%);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .unit-figure-gallery {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Group image caption under group-header-right */
.group-image-caption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* =========================================================
   About: Vision Roadmap
   ========================================================= */
.roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.roadmap-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px 24px;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow .25s var(--ease), border-color .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease);
}
.roadmap-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.roadmap-card[data-phase-idx="0"] { border-top: 3px solid #7dd3fc; }
.roadmap-card[data-phase-idx="1"] { border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); }
.roadmap-card[data-phase-idx="2"] { border-top: 3px solid #fbbf24; }
.roadmap-phase {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.roadmap-en {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.roadmap-title {
  margin: 14px 0 12px;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.roadmap-desc {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin: 0;
}

/* North Star vision banner */
.north-star {
  padding: 28px 32px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--deep-900) 0%, #1a2c4a 60%, #14283f 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  border: 1px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.25);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 0 60px -20px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.35), var(--shadow);
}
.north-star::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -20%;
  background: radial-gradient(600px 300px at 15% 10%, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.18), transparent 70%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.north-star-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  position: relative;
}
.north-star-icon {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.5));
}
.north-star-quote {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.8vw, 32px);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
}
.north-star-quote .quote-mark {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.1em;
  vertical-align: -0.05em;
  margin: 0 0.05em;
}
.north-star-en {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  position: relative;
}

/* North Star pillars — three parallel big goals */
.ns-pillars {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.15);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  position: relative;
}
.ns-pillar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 16px 18px 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
  border: 1px solid rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.15);
  border-radius: 10px;
  transition: border-color .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease), background .25s var(--ease);
}
.ns-pillar:hover {
  border-color: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.4);
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.04);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.ns-pillar-icon {
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.4));
  padding-top: 2px;
}
.ns-pillar:nth-child(1) .ns-pillar-icon { color: #7dd3fc; filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.45)); }
.ns-pillar:nth-child(2) .ns-pillar-icon { color: var(--accent); }
.ns-pillar:nth-child(3) .ns-pillar-icon { color: #fbbf24; filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px rgba(251, 191, 36, 0.5)); }

.ns-pillar-level {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.ns-pillar-en {
  color: var(--ink-400);
  margin-left: 4px;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.ns-pillar-goal {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .ns-pillars { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .ns-pillar { padding: 14px 16px; }
}

/* Roadmap final card = north star treatment */
.roadmap-card.is-north-star {
  background: linear-gradient(155deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, #14283f 100%);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-color: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.3);
  box-shadow: 0 0 40px -15px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.35);
  position: relative;
}
.roadmap-card.is-north-star .roadmap-phase,
.roadmap-card.is-north-star .roadmap-title { color: var(--accent-hover); }
.roadmap-card.is-north-star .roadmap-title { font-weight: 600; }
.roadmap-star {
  position: absolute;
  top: 18px;
  right: 18px;
  font-size: 20px;
  color: var(--accent);
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.6));
  line-height: 1;
}

/* =========================================================
   Career Portfolio (About > Vision)
   ========================================================= */
.career-portfolio-block {
  margin-bottom: 64px;
  padding: 40px 44px 44px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.03) 0%, transparent 40%),
    var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.cp-header {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.cp-eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.cp-title {
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink-900);
}
.cp-subtitle {
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 68ch;
}

.cp-stages {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}
.cp-stage {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  position: relative;
}
.cp-stage:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }

/* Left rail marker + connector line */
.cp-stage-marker {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}
.cp-stage-level {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
.cp-stage.is-terminal .cp-stage-level {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--accent-hover) 100%);
  color: var(--paper);
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.15),
              0 8px 20px -6px rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.35);
}
.cp-stage-connector {
  position: absolute;
  top: 56px;
  bottom: -40px;
  left: 50%;
  width: 2px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--ink-200) 100%);
  opacity: 0.35;
  z-index: 1;
}

.cp-stage-body {
  padding: 24px 28px 26px;
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.cp-stage.is-terminal .cp-stage-body {
  border-color: rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -12px rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.25);
}

.cp-stage-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, auto) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
}
.cp-stage-name {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-900);
}
.cp-stage-ko {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  margin-left: 6px;
}
.cp-stage-duration {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.cp-stage-objective {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  line-height: 1.55;
  font-style: italic;
}
.cp-stage.is-terminal .cp-stage-objective {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: normal;
}

.cp-stage-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.4fr);
  gap: 36px;
}
.cp-col-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.cp-capabilities ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}
.cp-capabilities li {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  padding-left: 18px;
  position: relative;
}
.cp-capabilities li::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 8px;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.cp-track-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}
.cp-track-grid[data-count="2"] { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
.cp-track-grid[data-count="3"] { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
.cp-track {
  padding: 14px 16px 16px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: border-color .2s var(--ease), transform .2s var(--ease);
}
.cp-track:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.cp-stage.is-terminal .cp-track {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.06) 0%, transparent 60%), var(--paper-2);
  border-color: rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.3);
}
.cp-track-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.cp-track-label {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.cp-track-en {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.cp-track-targets {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-600);
}

.roadmap-header {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.roadmap-heading {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-900);
}
.roadmap-heading .ko-sub {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  margin-left: 4px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .career-portfolio-block { padding: 28px 22px 30px; }
  .cp-stage { grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .cp-stage-level { width: 44px; height: 44px; font-size: 15px; }
  .cp-stage-body { padding: 20px 20px 22px; }
  .cp-stage-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .cp-stage-content { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; }
  .cp-track-grid[data-count="2"],
  .cp-track-grid[data-count="3"] { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Current state card */
.current-state {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 32px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--deep-900) 0%, #14283f 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.current-state-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 96px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.current-state-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.current-state-composition {
  font-size: 20px;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.current-state-note {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* =========================================================
   Openings: Unit System Principles + Project List
   ========================================================= */
.principles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
}
.principle-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}
.principle-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.principle-text {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.project-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}
.project-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 18px 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.project-row:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-300); padding-top: 20px; }
.project-row.completed { opacity: 0.7; }
.project-period {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.project-title {
  color: var(--ink-900);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.project-agency {
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}
.completed-projects .eyebrow { color: var(--ink-500); }

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .highlight-paper { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .roadmap-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .current-state { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; text-align: left; }
  .current-state-num { font-size: 64px; }
  .principles-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .project-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
}

/* =========================================================
   Alumni groups (M.S. graduates / Undergraduate researchers)
   ========================================================= */
.alumni-group {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.alumni-group:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.alumni-group-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink-300);
}
.alumni-group-title {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.alumni-group-ko {
  font-family: 'Pretendard', var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.alumni-group-count {
  margin-left: auto;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.alumni-row.placeholder {
  opacity: 0.55;
  font-style: italic;
}
.alumni-row.placeholder .an,
.alumni-row.placeholder .ap,
.alumni-row.placeholder .ac {
  color: var(--ink-500);
}

/* =========================================================
   Facilities / Equipment page
   ========================================================= */
.facility-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
}
.facility-card {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s var(--ease);
}
.facility-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}
.facility-img {
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #f0f2f5; /* light bg matches studio render */
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.facility-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform .5s var(--ease);
}
.facility-card:hover .facility-img img {
  transform: scale(1.04);
}
.facility-body {
  padding: 22px 22px 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex-grow: 1;
}
.facility-name {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.facility-korean {
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-family: 'Pretendard', var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.facility-manufacturer {
  margin-top: 6px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.facility-desc {
  margin: 14px 0 16px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  flex-grow: 1;
}
.facility-use {
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.facility-use-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.facility-use-text {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* CRF (Central Research Facility) block */
.crf-block {
  padding: 40px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, #1a2c4a 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.crf-header { margin-bottom: 32px; }
.crf-badges {
  margin-top: 20px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.crf-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-300);
  color: var(--ink-700);
  transition: all .2s var(--ease);
}
.crf-badge.accent {
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.1);
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.3);
}
.crf-badge.link {
  color: var(--ink-900);
}
.crf-badge.link:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--deep-900);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.crf-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
}
.crf-item {
  padding: 18px 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: border-color .2s var(--ease), transform .2s var(--ease);
}
.crf-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.crf-item-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.crf-item-korean {
  font-family: 'Pretendard', var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.crf-item-desc {
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.crf-external-note {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.05);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .crf-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .crf-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .crf-block { padding: 28px 24px; }
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .facility-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .facility-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .external-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Publication access links (DOI / PDF) */
.pub-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.pub-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all .18s var(--ease);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
}
.pub-link.doi {
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.28);
}
.pub-link.doi:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--deep-900);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.pub-link.pdf {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  color: var(--ink-600);
  border-color: var(--ink-300);
}
.pub-link.pdf:hover {
  background: var(--ink-900);
  color: var(--deep-900);
  border-color: var(--ink-900);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.pub-link svg { flex-shrink: 0; }

/* =========================================================
   Flagship: Samsung Wearable TEG (About + Home)
   ========================================================= */

/* Home flagship banner (clickable) */
.home-flagship {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, #14283f 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s var(--ease);
}
.home-flagship:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 0 60px -15px rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.4), var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.4);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.home-flagship-img {
  background: var(--deep-900);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.home-flagship-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  min-height: 320px;
  transition: transform .6s var(--ease);
}
.home-flagship:hover .home-flagship-img img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}
.home-flagship-body {
  padding: 40px 44px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 16px;
}
.home-flagship-title {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 32px);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink-900);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.home-flagship-title .serif { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 400; }
.home-flagship-desc {
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-flagship-desc strong { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 500; }
.home-flagship-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 18px 0 6px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.home-flagship-metrics .k {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 22px;
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1;
}
.home-flagship-metrics .l {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 6px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.home-flagship-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.home-flagship:hover .home-flagship-cta svg {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}
.home-flagship-cta svg { transition: transform .2s var(--ease); }

/* About page: flagship full block */
/* =========================================================
   About: Signature Paper (Science 2015)
   ========================================================= */
.sig-paper {
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--paper-2) 0%, var(--ink-100) 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-top: 32px;
  position: relative;
}
.sig-paper::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d0342c 0%, #f5b800 50%, #d0342c 100%);
}

.sig-paper-meta {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 28px 36px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
}
.sig-paper-meta-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.sig-paper-meta-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-500);
}
.sig-paper-meta-value {
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.sig-paper-meta-value em.serif {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: #d0342c;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.sig-paper-meta-value a {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.sig-paper-authors {
  padding: 20px 36px;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
  background: rgba(208, 52, 44, 0.03);
}
.sig-paper-authors-line {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.sig-paper-authors-note {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.sig-paper-figure {
  padding: 28px 36px 20px;
  background: var(--white);
}
.sig-paper-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.sig-paper-figure-caption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.sig-paper-figure-caption::first-line {
  font-weight: 500;
}

.sig-paper-abstract {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 28px 36px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.sig-paper-highlights {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
}
.sig-paper-highlight {
  padding: 24px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  border-right: 1px dashed var(--ink-200);
}
.sig-paper-highlight:last-child { border-right: none; }
.sig-paper-highlight-metric {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 32px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.sig-paper-highlight-label {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.sig-paper-impact {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 22px 36px 28px;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  font-style: italic;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .sig-paper-meta { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; padding: 24px 24px 18px; }
  .sig-paper-authors { padding: 18px 24px; }
  .sig-paper-figure { padding: 20px 24px 16px; }
  .sig-paper-abstract { padding: 22px 24px; font-size: 16px; }
  .sig-paper-highlights { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .sig-paper-highlight { border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200); }
  .sig-paper-highlight:nth-child(2) { border-right: none; }
  .sig-paper-highlight:nth-last-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: none; }
  .sig-paper-impact { padding: 20px 24px 24px; }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .sig-paper-highlights { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .sig-paper-highlight { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ink-200); padding: 18px 16px; }
  .sig-paper-highlight:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .sig-paper-highlight-metric { font-size: 26px; }
}

.flagship-block {
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.flagship-hero {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  background: var(--deep-900);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.flagship-hero img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.flagship-hero-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 32px 40px;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(5, 11, 24, 0.95) 20%, rgba(5, 11, 24, 0) 100%);
}
.flagship-hero-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 42px);
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.flagship-hero-sub {
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.flagship-meta {
  padding: 28px 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
}
.flagship-meta-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 10px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.flagship-meta-row .l {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.flagship-meta-row .v { color: var(--ink-800); }
.flagship-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 32px 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.03) 0%, transparent 100%);
}
.flagship-metric {
  text-align: center;
}
.flagship-metric-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 44px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.flagship-metric-label {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.flagship-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 32px 40px;
}
.flagship-gallery figure {
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--deep-900);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.flagship-gallery figure img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: #f0f2f5;
}
.flagship-gallery figcaption {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.4;
  background: var(--paper-2);
}
.flagship-impact {
  padding: 20px 40px 32px;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.03);
}

/* Openings: achievement highlight + external link + grad links */
.opening-row.highlighted {
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.04);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 22px 20px !important;
  margin: 0 -20px;
}
.opening-status.recruiting {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.opening-achievement {
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.08);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.opening-external-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  padding: 4px 0;
}
.opening-external-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
}
.grad-links {
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.grad-links-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
}
.grad-link-card {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  color: var(--ink-800);
  font-size: 13px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all .18s var(--ease);
}
.grad-link-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(94, 234, 212, 0.08);
  color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .home-flagship { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home-flagship-img img { min-height: 240px; }
  .home-flagship-body { padding: 28px 24px; }
  .home-flagship-metrics { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .flagship-hero-overlay { padding: 20px; }
  .flagship-meta, .flagship-metrics, .flagship-gallery, .flagship-impact { padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; }
  .flagship-metrics { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .flagship-metric-num { font-size: 34px; }
  .flagship-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .flagship-meta-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .grad-links-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Person card role note */
.person-role-note {
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--teal-700);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  padding: 8px 10px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  border-radius: 6px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--teal-500);
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .group-nav { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .group-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .unit-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .unit-team { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .unit-team { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .group-nav-item { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; }
  .group-nav-count { grid-column: 2; padding-left: 0; }
}

/* =========================================================
   COLLABORATIONS PAGE — compact list view
   ========================================================= */
.collab-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 28px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
}
.collab-stat-value {
  font-family: 'Instrument Serif', serif;
  font-size: 52px;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--teal-500);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.collab-stat-label {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.collab-region-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
}
.collab-region-title {
  font-family: 'Instrument Serif', serif;
  font-size: 32px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0;
}
.collab-region-count {
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ink-400);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.collab-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.collab-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr auto;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 18px 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
  transition: background-color 180ms ease;
}
.collab-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.collab-row:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.015); }

.collab-row-flag {
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: center;
  filter: saturate(1.1);
  padding-top: 2px;
}
.collab-row-main {
  min-width: 0;
}
.collab-row-pi {
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.collab-row-inst {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  margin-top: 4px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.collab-row-outcome {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--ink-600);
  margin-top: 8px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 640px;
}
.collab-row-topic {
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--teal-500);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: right;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink-100);
  border-radius: 999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .collab-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .collab-stat-value { font-size: 40px; }
  .collab-region-title { font-size: 26px; }
  .collab-row {
    grid-template-columns: 36px 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 16px 2px;
  }
  .collab-row-topic {
    grid-column: 2;
    justify-self: start;
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 4px;
  }
  .collab-row-flag { font-size: 22px; }
  .collab-row-pi { font-size: 15px; }
  .collab-row-inst { font-size: 12.5px; }
}